During debate on a bill to authorize additional spending in the field of nanotechnology-which the science of manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale-Congressman Bell (D-TX) proposed an amendment that would have required research and development into the potential for nanotechnology to provide clean and inexpensive energy. Progressives voted in favor of the Bell measure because nanotechnology may provide new scientific advances into the production of clean energy sources and reduce U.S. dependence on fossil fuels, a goal progressives support. Democrats voted unanimously in favor of the amendment but the measure was defeated 207-217.